驱动开发：通过应用堆实现多次通信_环球播资讯
来源：博客园 |
时间：2023-05-19 11:31:36
【资料图】
在前面的文章《驱动开发：运用MDL映射实现多次通信》LyShark教大家使用MDL的方式灵活的实现了内核态多次输出结构体的效果，但是此种方法并不推荐大家使用原因很简单首先内核空间比较宝贵，其次内核里面不能分配太大且每次传出的结构体最大不能超过1024个，而最终这些内存由于无法得到更好的释放从而导致坏堆的产生，这样的程序显然是无法在生产环境中使用的，如下LyShark将教大家通过在应用层申请空间来实现同等效果，此类传递方式也是多数ARK反内核工具中最常采用的一种。
与MDL映射相反，MDL多数处理流程在内核代码中，而应用层开堆复杂代码则在应用层，但内核层中同样还是需要使用指针，只是这里的指针仅仅只是保留基本要素即可，通过EnumProcess()模拟枚举进程操作，传入的是PPROCESS_INFO进程指针转换，将数据传入到PPROCESS_INFO直接返回进程计数器即可。
// -------------------------------------------------// R3传输结构体// -------------------------------------------------// 进程指针转换typedef struct{ DWORD PID; DWORD PPID;}PROCESS_INFO, *PPROCESS_INFO;// 数据存储指针typedef struct{ ULONG_PTR nSize; PVOID BufferPtr;}BufferPointer, *pBufferPointer;// 模拟进程枚举ULONG EnumProcess(PPROCESS_INFO pBuffer){ ULONG nCount = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) { pBuffer[i].PID = nCount * 2; pBuffer[i].PPID = nCount * 4; nCount = nCount + 1; } return nCount;}内核层核心代码：内核代码中是如何通信的，首先从用户态接收pIoBuffer到分配的缓冲区数据，并转换为pBufferPointer结构，ProbeForWrite用于检查地址是否可写入，接着会调用EnumProcess()注意传入的其实是应用层的指针，枚举进程结束后，将进程数量nCount通过*(PULONG)pIrp->AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer = (ULONG)nCount回传给应用层，至此内核中仅仅回传了一个长度，其他的都写入到了应用层中。
// 署名权// right to sign one"s name on a piece of work// PowerBy: LyShark// Email: me@lyshark.compBufferPointer pinp = (pBufferPointer)pIoBuffer;__try{ DbgPrint("缓冲区长度: %d \n", pinp->nSize); DbgPrint("缓冲区基地址: %p \n", pinp->BufferPtr); // 检查地址是否可写入 ProbeForWrite(pinp->BufferPtr, pinp->nSize, 1); ULONG nCount = EnumProcess((PPROCESS_INFO)pinp->BufferPtr); DbgPrint("进程计数 = %d \n", nCount); if (nCount > 0) { // 将进程数返回给用户 *(PULONG)pIrp->AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer = (ULONG)nCount; status = STATUS_SUCCESS; }}__except (1){ status = GetExceptionCode(); DbgPrint("IOCTL_GET_EPROCESS %x \n", status);}// 返回通信状态status = STATUS_SUCCESS;break;应用层核心代码：通信的重点在于应用层，首先定义BufferPointer用于存放缓冲区头部指针，定义PPROCESS_INFO则是用于后期将数据放入该容器内，函数HeapAlloc分配一段堆空间，并HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY将该堆空间全部填空，将这一段初始化后的空间放入到pInput.BufferPtr缓冲区内，并计算出长度放入到pInput.nSize缓冲区内，一切准备就绪之后，再通过DriveControl.IoControl将BufferPointer结构传输至内核中，而bRet则是用于接收返回长度的变量。
当收到数据后，通过(PPROCESS_INFO)pInput.BufferPtr强制转换为指针类型，并依次pProcessInfo[i]读出每一个节点的元素，最后是调用HeapFree释放掉这段堆空间。至于输出就很简单了vectorProcess[x].PID循环容器元素即可。
// 署名权// right to sign one"s name on a piece of work// PowerBy: LyShark// Email: me@lyshark.com// 应用层数据结构体数据BOOL bRet = FALSE;BufferPointer pInput = { 0 };PPROCESS_INFO pProcessInfo = NULL;// 分配堆空间pInput.BufferPtr = (PVOID)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, sizeof(PROCESS_INFO) * 1000);pInput.nSize = sizeof(PROCESS_INFO) * 1000;ULONG nRet = 0;if (pInput.BufferPtr){ bRet = DriveControl.IoControl(IOCTL_IO_R3StructAll, &pInput, sizeof(BufferPointer), &nRet, sizeof(ULONG), 0);}std::cout << "返回结构体数量: " << nRet << std::endl;if (bRet && nRet > 0){ pProcessInfo = (PPROCESS_INFO)pInput.BufferPtr; std::vector vectorProcess; for (ULONG i = 0; i < nRet; i++) { vectorProcess.push_back(pProcessInfo[i]); } // 释放空间 bRet = HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pInput.BufferPtr); std::cout << "释放状态: " << bRet << std::endl; // 输出容器内的进程ID列表 for (int x = 0; x < nRet; x++) { std::cout << "PID: " << vectorProcess[x].PID << " PPID: " << vectorProcess[x].PPID << std::endl; }}// 关闭符号链接句柄CloseHandle(DriveControl.m_hDriver); 如上就是内核层与应用层的部分代码功能分析，接下来我将完整代码分享出来，大家可以自行测试效果。
驱动程序WinDDK.sys完整代码；
// 署名权// right to sign one"s name on a piece of work// PowerBy: LyShark// Email: me@lyshark.com#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS#include #include // 定义符号链接，一般来说修改为驱动的名字即可#define DEVICE_NAME L"\\Device\\WinDDK"#define LINK_NAME L"\\DosDevices\\WinDDK"#define LINK_GLOBAL_NAME L"\\DosDevices\\Global\\WinDDK"// 定义驱动功能号和名字，提供接口给应用程序调用#define IOCTL_IO_R3StructAll CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x806, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS)// 保存一段非分页内存,用于给全局变量使用#define FILE_DEVICE_EXTENSION 4096// -------------------------------------------------// R3传输结构体// -------------------------------------------------// 进程指针转换typedef struct{DWORD PID;DWORD PPID;}PROCESS_INFO, *PPROCESS_INFO;// 数据存储指针typedef struct{ULONG_PTR nSize;PVOID BufferPtr;}BufferPointer, *pBufferPointer;// 模拟进程枚举ULONG EnumProcess(PPROCESS_INFO pBuffer){ULONG nCount = 0;for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++){pBuffer[i].PID = nCount * 2;pBuffer[i].PPID = nCount * 4;nCount = nCount + 1;}return nCount;}// 驱动绑定默认派遣函数NTSTATUS DefaultDispatch(PDEVICE_OBJECT _pDeviceObject, PIRP _pIrp){_pIrp->IoStatus.Status = STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;_pIrp->IoStatus.Information = 0;IoCompleteRequest(_pIrp, IO_NO_INCREMENT);return _pIrp->IoStatus.Status;}// 驱动卸载的处理例程VOID DriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj){if (pDriverObj->DeviceObject){UNICODE_STRING strLink;// 删除符号连接和设备RtlInitUnicodeString(&strLink, LINK_NAME);IoDeleteSymbolicLink(&strLink);IoDeleteDevice(pDriverObj->DeviceObject);DbgPrint("[kernel] # 驱动已卸载 \n");}}// IRP_MJ_CREATE 对应的处理例程，一般不用管它NTSTATUS DispatchCreate(PDEVICE_OBJECT pDevObj, PIRP pIrp){DbgPrint("[kernel] # 驱动处理例程载入 \n");pIrp->IoStatus.Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;pIrp->IoStatus.Information = 0;IoCompleteRequest(pIrp, IO_NO_INCREMENT);return STATUS_SUCCESS;}// IRP_MJ_CLOSE 对应的处理例程，一般不用管它NTSTATUS DispatchClose(PDEVICE_OBJECT pDevObj, PIRP pIrp){DbgPrint("[kernel] # 关闭派遣 \n");pIrp->IoStatus.Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;pIrp->IoStatus.Information = 0;IoCompleteRequest(pIrp, IO_NO_INCREMENT);return STATUS_SUCCESS;}// IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL 对应的处理例程，驱动最重要的函数NTSTATUS DispatchIoctl(PDEVICE_OBJECT pDevObj, PIRP pIrp){NTSTATUS status = STATUS_INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST;PIO_STACK_LOCATION pIrpStack;ULONG uIoControlCode;PVOID pIoBuffer;ULONG uInSize;ULONG uOutSize;// 获得IRP里的关键数据pIrpStack = IoGetCurrentIrpStackLocation(pIrp);// 获取控制码uIoControlCode = pIrpStack->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.IoControlCode;// 输入和输出的缓冲区（DeviceIoControl的InBuffer和OutBuffer都是它）pIoBuffer = pIrp->AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer;// EXE发送传入数据的BUFFER长度（DeviceIoControl的nInBufferSize）uInSize = pIrpStack->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.InputBufferLength;// EXE接收传出数据的BUFFER长度（DeviceIoControl的nOutBufferSize）uOutSize = pIrpStack->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.OutputBufferLength;// 对不同控制信号的处理流程switch (uIoControlCode){// 测试R3传输多次结构体case IOCTL_IO_R3StructAll:{pBufferPointer pinp = (pBufferPointer)pIoBuffer;__try{DbgPrint("[lyshark] 缓冲区长度: %d \n", pinp->nSize);DbgPrint("[lyshark] 缓冲区基地址: %p \n", pinp->BufferPtr);// 检查地址是否可写入ProbeForWrite(pinp->BufferPtr, pinp->nSize, 1);ULONG nCount = EnumProcess((PPROCESS_INFO)pinp->BufferPtr);DbgPrint("[lyshark.com] 进程计数 = %d \n", nCount);if (nCount > 0){// 将进程数返回给用户*(PULONG)pIrp->AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer = (ULONG)nCount;status = STATUS_SUCCESS;}}__except (1){status = GetExceptionCode();DbgPrint("IOCTL_GET_EPROCESS %x \n", status);}// 返回通信状态status = STATUS_SUCCESS;break;}}// 设定DeviceIoControl的*lpBytesReturned的值（如果通信失败则返回0长度）if (status == STATUS_SUCCESS){pIrp->IoStatus.Information = uOutSize;}else{pIrp->IoStatus.Information = 0;}// 设定DeviceIoControl的返回值是成功还是失败pIrp->IoStatus.Status = status;IoCompleteRequest(pIrp, IO_NO_INCREMENT);return status;}// 驱动的初始化工作NTSTATUS DriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj, PUNICODE_STRING pRegistryString){NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS;UNICODE_STRING ustrLinkName;UNICODE_STRING ustrDevName;PDEVICE_OBJECT pDevObj;// 初始化其他派遣for (ULONG i = 0; i < IRP_MJ_MAXIMUM_FUNCTION; i++){// DbgPrint("初始化派遣: %d \n", i);pDriverObj->MajorFunction[i] = DefaultDispatch;}// 设置分发函数和卸载例程pDriverObj->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CREATE] = DispatchCreate;pDriverObj->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CLOSE] = DispatchClose;pDriverObj->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL] = DispatchIoctl;pDriverObj->DriverUnload = DriverUnload;// 创建一个设备RtlInitUnicodeString(&ustrDevName, DEVICE_NAME);// FILE_DEVICE_EXTENSION 创建设备时，指定设备扩展内存的大小，传一个值进去，就会给设备分配一块非页面内存。status = IoCreateDevice(pDriverObj, sizeof(FILE_DEVICE_EXTENSION), &ustrDevName, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0, FALSE, &pDevObj);if (!NT_SUCCESS(status)){return status;}// 判断支持的WDM版本，其实这个已经不需要了，纯属WIN9X和WINNT并存时代的残留物if (IoIsWdmVersionAvailable(1, 0x10)){RtlInitUnicodeString(&ustrLinkName, LINK_GLOBAL_NAME);}else{RtlInitUnicodeString(&ustrLinkName, LINK_NAME);}// 创建符号连接status = IoCreateSymbolicLink(&ustrLinkName, &ustrDevName);if (!NT_SUCCESS(status)){DbgPrint("创建符号链接失败 \n");IoDeleteDevice(pDevObj);return status;}DbgPrint("[hello LyShark.com] # 驱动初始化完毕 \n");// 返回加载驱动的状态（如果返回失败，驱动讲被清除出内核空间）return STATUS_SUCCESS;} 应用层客户端程序lyshark.exe完整代码；
// 署名权// right to sign one"s name on a piece of work// PowerBy: LyShark// Email: me@lyshark.com#include #include #include #pragma comment(lib,"user32.lib")#pragma comment(lib,"advapi32.lib")// 定义驱动功能号和名字，提供接口给应用程序调用#define IOCTL_IO_R3StructAll 0x806class cDrvCtrl{public:cDrvCtrl(){m_pSysPath = NULL;m_pServiceName = NULL;m_pDisplayName = NULL;m_hSCManager = NULL;m_hService = NULL;m_hDriver = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;}~cDrvCtrl(){CloseServiceHandle(m_hService);CloseServiceHandle(m_hSCManager);CloseHandle(m_hDriver);}// 安装驱动BOOL Install(PCHAR pSysPath, PCHAR pServiceName, PCHAR pDisplayName){m_pSysPath = pSysPath;m_pServiceName = pServiceName;m_pDisplayName = pDisplayName;m_hSCManager = OpenSCManagerA(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);if (NULL == m_hSCManager){m_dwLastError = GetLastError();return FALSE;}m_hService = CreateServiceA(m_hSCManager, m_pServiceName, m_pDisplayName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_KERNEL_DRIVER, SERVICE_DEMAND_START, SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,m_pSysPath, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);if (NULL == m_hService){m_dwLastError = GetLastError();if (ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS == m_dwLastError){m_hService = OpenServiceA(m_hSCManager, m_pServiceName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);if (NULL == m_hService){CloseServiceHandle(m_hSCManager);return FALSE;}}else{CloseServiceHandle(m_hSCManager);return FALSE;}}return TRUE;}// 启动驱动BOOL Start(){if (!StartServiceA(m_hService, NULL, NULL)){m_dwLastError = GetLastError();return FALSE;}return TRUE;}// 关闭驱动BOOL Stop(){SERVICE_STATUS ss;GetSvcHandle(m_pServiceName);if (!ControlService(m_hService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &ss)){m_dwLastError = GetLastError();return FALSE;}return TRUE;}// 移除驱动BOOL Remove(){GetSvcHandle(m_pServiceName);if (!DeleteService(m_hService)){m_dwLastError = GetLastError();return FALSE;}return TRUE;}// 打开驱动BOOL Open(PCHAR pLinkName){if (m_hDriver != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)return TRUE;m_hDriver = CreateFileA(pLinkName, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0);if (m_hDriver != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)return TRUE;elsereturn FALSE;}// 发送控制信号BOOL IoControl(DWORD dwIoCode, PVOID InBuff, DWORD InBuffLen, PVOID OutBuff, DWORD OutBuffLen, DWORD *RealRetBytes){DWORD dw;BOOL b = DeviceIoControl(m_hDriver, CTL_CODE_GEN(dwIoCode), InBuff, InBuffLen, OutBuff, OutBuffLen, &dw, NULL);if (RealRetBytes)*RealRetBytes = dw;return b;}private:// 获取服务句柄BOOL GetSvcHandle(PCHAR pServiceName){m_pServiceName = pServiceName;m_hSCManager = OpenSCManagerA(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);if (NULL == m_hSCManager){m_dwLastError = GetLastError();return FALSE;}m_hService = OpenServiceA(m_hSCManager, m_pServiceName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);if (NULL == m_hService){CloseServiceHandle(m_hSCManager);return FALSE;}else{return TRUE;}}// 获取控制信号对应字符串DWORD CTL_CODE_GEN(DWORD lngFunction){return (FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN * 65536) | (FILE_ANY_ACCESS * 16384) | (lngFunction * 4) | METHOD_BUFFERED;}public:DWORD m_dwLastError;PCHAR m_pSysPath;PCHAR m_pServiceName;PCHAR m_pDisplayName;HANDLE m_hDriver;SC_HANDLE m_hSCManager;SC_HANDLE m_hService;};void GetAppPath(char *szCurFile){GetModuleFileNameA(0, szCurFile, MAX_PATH);for (SIZE_T i = strlen(szCurFile) - 1; i >= 0; i--){if (szCurFile[i] == "\\"){szCurFile[i + 1] = "\0";break;}}}// -------------------------------------------------// R3数据传递变量// -------------------------------------------------// 进程指针转换typedef struct{DWORD PID;DWORD PPID;}PROCESS_INFO, *PPROCESS_INFO;// 数据存储指针typedef struct{ULONG_PTR nSize;PVOID BufferPtr;}BufferPointer, *pBufferPointer;int main(int argc, char *argv[]){cDrvCtrl DriveControl;// 设置驱动名称char szSysFile[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };char szSvcLnkName[] = "WinDDK";;GetAppPath(szSysFile);strcat(szSysFile, "WinDDK.sys");// 安装并启动驱动DriveControl.Install(szSysFile, szSvcLnkName, szSvcLnkName);DriveControl.Start();// 打开驱动的符号链接DriveControl.Open("\\\\.\\WinDDK");// 应用层数据结构体数据BOOL bRet = FALSE;BufferPointer pInput = { 0 };PPROCESS_INFO pProcessInfo = NULL;// 分配堆空间pInput.BufferPtr = (PVOID)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, sizeof(PROCESS_INFO) * 1000);pInput.nSize = sizeof(PROCESS_INFO) * 1000;ULONG nRet = 0;if (pInput.BufferPtr){bRet = DriveControl.IoControl(IOCTL_IO_R3StructAll, &pInput, sizeof(BufferPointer), &nRet, sizeof(ULONG), 0);}std::cout << "[LyShark.com] 返回结构体数量: " << nRet << std::endl;if (bRet && nRet > 0){pProcessInfo = (PPROCESS_INFO)pInput.BufferPtr;std::vector vectorProcess;for (ULONG i = 0; i < nRet; i++){vectorProcess.push_back(pProcessInfo[i]);}// 释放空间bRet = HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pInput.BufferPtr);std::cout << "释放状态: " << bRet << std::endl;// 输出容器内的进程ID列表for (int x = 0; x < nRet; x++){std::cout << "PID: " << vectorProcess[x].PID << " PPID: " << vectorProcess[x].PPID << std::endl;}}// 关闭符号链接句柄CloseHandle(DriveControl.m_hDriver);// 停止并卸载驱动DriveControl.Stop();DriveControl.Remove();system("pause");return 0;} 手动编译这两个程序，将驱动签名后以管理员身份运行lyshark.exe客户端，此时屏幕中即可看到滚动输出效果，如此一来就实现了循环传递参数的目的。
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